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They underline the requirement to assess biotransformation effectiveness, both in terms of substrate utilisation and product formation, in multiple strains, in order that the optimal strain might be selected.
Up to 80% of healthy persons carry H. influenzae [4], with multiple strains in 50% positive samples [5].
Studies on cocolonization have been hampered by the lack of sensitive, economic and easy to apply methods for the detection of multiple strains in nasopharyngeal samples.
Since we did not find multiple strains in original fluids we were unable to determine whether culture may select for strains that grow more efficiently.
In the case of S. pneumoniae, carriage ranges from 10% to 40% in an age dependent manner [6], with a lower percentage of multiple strains in the same sample [7].
Despite up to 80% of healthy persons carry H. influenzae [4], with multiple strains in 50% positive samples [5] and although there is an increasing isolation rate of BLPACR [11], the use of strains with different resistance phenotypes may be a limitation of the study.
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The last time these alleles were seen in multiple strains was in period 4, with 17 strains encoding prn1, 28 strains encoding ptxP1, and 8 strains encoding ptxS1B.
Further sequencing of virus from archived pig samples will clarify with greater confidence whether multiple strains circulated in both regions.
As the total prevalence is roughly constrained by (6) when multiple strains are in steady coexistence, the fraction of each single infection decreases proportionally with the antigenic diversity.
In one case multiple strains were found in the same patient.
Preclinical results, demonstrating that the vaccine induces protective immunity to multiple strains of malaria in mice, were recently published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation.
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