Cellular microenvironments present cells with multiple stimuli, including not only soluble biochemical and insoluble matrix cues but also mechanical factors.
It is characterized by typical unilateral, often severe, pain throbbing with associated features such as hypersensitivity to multiple stimuli, including visual (photophobia), auditory (phonophobia), and sensory (cutaneous allodynia) stimuli during migraine attacks [1].
Migraine is a common episodic neurological disorder with a complex pathophysiology that manifests as recurrent attacks of headache that are typically throbbing and unilateral and often severe, with associated features such as hypersensitivity to multiple stimuli, including visual (photophobia), auditory (phonophobia), and sensory (cutaneous allodynia) stimuli during migraine attacks [1-5].
Our overall goal in this study was to characterize the similarities between macrophage responses to multiple stimuli, including an intracellular bacteria (S. Typhimurium), and inert particles, and to identify important regulatory influences in macrophage activation.
Insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells is a highly dynamic process regulated by multiple stimuli, including nutrients, hormones, and neuronal inputs.
Asthma is a common and chronic disorder of the airways induced by multiple stimuli including exposure to allergens, particulates and infectious agents.
We propose a novel SVA model, where multiple perceptual stimuli including depth, motion, intensity, color, and orientation contrast are utilized, to simulate the visual attention mechanisms of human visual system with stereoscopic perception.
Ectopic expression of miR-29 alone in young sympathetic neurons confers marked resistance to multiple apoptotic stimuli including NGF deprivation, DNA damage, and endoplasmic reticulum stress.
It acts as a second messenger for multiple extracellular stimuli including growth factors and environmental stresses, such as hypoxia, heat stress, and irradiation [ 4].
The expression of the pld gene is regulated by multiple environmental stimuli, including heat, and plays a role in the reduction of macrophage viability following infection [ 78, 79].
Interestingly, the relative ratios of pro- and antiapoptotic BCL2-family protein levels determine the sensitivity or resistance of cells to multiple apoptotic stimuli, including growth factor deprivation, hypoxia, irradiation, antineoplastic agents, oxidants, and Ca2+ overload [ 4, 9, 10].
