Crosstalk among pathways by floral integrators such as FLC, FT, SOC1, LFY, AP1 might explain how the multiple signals affecting flowering are coordinated.
Thus, crosstalk between pathways might explain how the multiple signals affecting flowering are coordinated, and differences in how pathways are integrated might underlie the diversity of plant flowering [ 3, 6, 17].
Understanding how multiple signals affect cellular functions is necessary in order to be able to understand and control these functions.
Murine mutants have shown that defects in multiple signaling pathways affecting cardiac NCC survival, migration or differentiation prevent normal development of the aortic arch arteries and cardiac OFT (Stoller and Epstein, 2005).
Several molecular studies in perennials, such as kiwi [ 20], grape [ 21], potato [ 22], raspberry [ 23] and leafy spurge [ 24], have shown that dormancy signals affect multiple physiological processes, including cell division, secondary metabolism (flavone biosynthesis), hormone signalling (with significant changes in genes responsive to ethylene, auxin, ABA and GA) and oxidative stress.
Multiple signaling pathways affect the circadian system, in ways that are likely to be adaptively significant.
These data suggest that an abnormal response to IGF-1 is linked to abnormal intracellular signaling, affecting multiple pathways in OA osteoblasts.
A differential flatness-based disturbance estimation scheme is also described to estimate the unknown multiple time-varying frequency disturbance signal affecting the differentially flat nonlinear vibrating mechanical system dynamics.
In a search to provide new insights for RSV treatments and to understand the multiples signaling pathways affected by RSV infection, an integrative model based on systems pharmacology predictions has been used.
However, it remains unclear how NC interacts with STAT3, ERK or hedgehog signaling and deactivate it, although we demonstrate these multiple signaling pathways are affected by NC.
We show that multiple signalling pathways are affected, with components of the Wnt signalling pathway most strongly disturbed including 4 Wnt ligands and both down-regulation and up-regulation of target genes.
