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So there may be multiple signal molecules involved.
Because DSTD induced autophagy in a time- and dose-dependent manner, we examined the ability of DSTD to regulate multiple signal molecules in a time- and dose-dependent manner.
Explicit chemical reaction mechanisms discussed earlier include: binding of multiple signal molecules to stimulate each reaction; repressors of weak input signals; and opposing forward and back reactions near saturation.
Although multiple signal molecules are involved in the NF- κB pathway, we suggested that pinocembrin could remarkably inhibit the activation of NF- κB signal transduction by attenuating the degradation of the inhibitory protein I κB α and blocking the translocation of NF- κB p65.
Similar(56)
Osteoclastogenesis involves complex pathways with intricate relationships between multiple signalling molecules.
These regulators are activated or repressed by the integration of multiple signalling molecules in spatio-temporal gradients.
Cbl proteins interact with multiple signaling molecules including Lck, Vav, TCR-ζ, PLC- γ1, and Grb2[5], [7].
Caveolin is the major structural component of caveolae, plasmalemmal organelles which function as macromolecular vesicular transporters and organizers of multiple signalling molecules [10].
Cbl inactivation, which rescues the developmental defect in Vav1-/ thymocytes, thus enhanced activities of multiple signaling molecules, including the early TCR-mediated signal molecule Lck, in addition to enhancing normally Vav1-dependent downstream events.
Our studies together with previous reports [36], [37] indicating that PTK6 may regulate multiple signaling molecules infer that there may be multiple mechanisms by which PTK6 regulates cell growth and survival.
Caveolae and lipid rafts are cholesterol- and sphingolipid-rich plasma membrane microdomains, in which multiple signaling molecules and receptors are assembled to provide the molecular proximity for rapid, efficient, and specific activation of downstream signaling [18].
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