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The pinholes take constant size in this paper and realize equal amplitude in the multiple sieved waves.
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We propose a novel type of photon sieve where phases of its sieved waves are encoded as radial positions of the pinholes and use such phase-encoded sieves for generating designed intensity patterns in Fresnel domain.
The sieve pinholes are arranged around Fresnel-rings to eliminate the quadratic Fresnel phase factor of diffraction of the sieved waves, leading the wave propagation to be equivalent to Fraunhofer diffraction.
Therefore, by varying the thresholds of RMSD and the cardinality of the ensemble, multiple sieved models are generated for a given multiple alignment and superposition from MUSTANG.
The ideal starting model (e.g. one with least model bias) is difficult to obtain a priori, however it is possible to test multiple sieved models and assess the refinement process using statistically robust validation, providing a generally applicable method for model bias reduction.
Interference of light is superposition of multiple light waves.
Along with the spray development, multiple expansion waves were sequentially generated, followed by the leading shock wave.
If both parent waves are the narrowband whistler-mode waves, the generated wave would have twice the frequency of the narrowband whistler-mode waves, and then the coupling between the parent and generated waves might produce multiple frequency waves.
Philadelphia suffered multiple heat waves throughout the summer, with one in August killing four people.
Other countries experienced multiple pandemic waves, including Mexico, the United States, and the United Kingdom [ 9, 10, 66].
Studies should also consider modeling the effect of multiple pandemic waves.
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