Augmented TSPO expression has been demonstrated in different diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, encephalitis, and stroke [ 92– 92].
Other causes of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis such as multiple sclerosis, encephalitis caused by other infectious agents, uremic encephalitis, and hypertensive encephalitis could be ruled out.
The levels of IFNγ increase in brain in different diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and encephalitis and following immune reactions.
He runs two multidisciplinary clinic at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital dedicated to patients with leukodystrophies and neuroimmunological disorders ranging from multiple sclerosis to autoimmune encephalitis.
Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a neurotropic virus implicated in central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction, multiple sclerosis, seizures and encephalitis.
Elevated CSF levels of NFL have been found in cerebrovascular disease, multiple sclerosis, herpes simplex encephalitis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and AIDS[ 14, 15].
In a murine model for multiple sclerosis (experimental autoimmune encephalitis), Th cells that recognise a myelin autoantigen and produce IL-17, IL-22, CXCL10, CCL2, and CCL5 induce disease upon adoptive transfer into recipients.
45 IDO activity has also been implicated in limiting the severity of inflammation in mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease (trinitrobenezene sulfonic acid (TNBS) colitis) 46 and multiple sclerosis (experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE)).
Sustained presence of CCR2+ monocyte-derived inflammatory MPs have been shown to play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases such as models of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalitis and stroke (Conductier et al, 2010; Ransohoff, 2009).
Immune responses to infections of the CNS (central nervous system) need to be highly regulated in order to limit tissue damage, which could lead to detrimental and even fatal consequences as observed during many neuroinflammatory disorders including multiple sclerosis and viral encephalitis.
This marker has been studied in diseases with a prominent inflammatory component, including HIV encephalitis, SIV encephalitis, multiple sclerosis and head injury.
