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Conversely, the excess effort of waveform inversion provides the greatest benefits for the most heterogeneous, and arguably most realistic, environments where multiple scattering effects tend to be prevalent and ray-based methods lose most of their effectiveness.
The bottom row shows that more realistic results are obtained when multiple scattering effects from light sources are added.
In addition, multiple scattering effects of the participating media are considered for realistic rendering.
The effect of the choice of the interatomic potential in multiple scattering effects is also studied.
This model, developed by Waterman and Truell, takes into account multiple scattering effects.
Multiple scattering effects are described using the multipole expansion formalism and the addition theorem of cylindrical wave functions.
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It also takes into account the stripping efficiency of H− in foils, nuclear absorption, nuclear elastic scattering and multiple scattering effect, etc.
Multiple scattering effect is discussed with a low voltage e-beam system.
In this case, the multiple scattering effect will be small and may be ignored in the extreme case.
As shown in Figure 11a, the optimal bottom NCs can enhance the absorption in the longer wavelength region compared to the planar Si thin film, which can be ascribed to the multiple scattering effect and the excitation of LSPs of the bottom NCs.
At longer wavelengths, where multiple-scattering effects become important, the particles behave as independent scatterers for volume concentrations of less than approximately 1%.
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