The conventional microbiological method for the detection and identification of Salmonella in food samples requires multiple subculture steps, followed by biochemical and serological confirmation tests.
Multiple blood sampling requires additional staff and may be more difficult in the clinical setting or in large-scale studies.
Further, large animal models are indispensable in disease modeling that requires longer live span [ 3], in organ transplant research [ 4], and in studies where multiple samples are required to be collected [ 5].
In application areas where multiple samples are required (for example tissue engineering substrates), proton beam writing (PBW) is a suitable technique to fabricate high quality metal masters.
Further studies to indicate the variability of commonly measured analytes in urine should be conducted to ensure that multiple samples are required for the target analyte(s), thus reducing cost, and to better establish the most appropriate sampling time frame (e.g., collect samples every fourth day).
However, MARINa requires multiple samples representing the same tumor subtype to identify master regulators.
It also requires multiple samples to be present in each group, in order to estimate standard deviations.
As explained in the Section 1, there are several advantages of a method that can be applied to one sample at a time compared with one that requires multiple samples.
However, this approach requires multiple samples under a target condition to extract the genetic features for the condition; thus, it cannot be used for a genetic signature of a single sample, which is required to validate or test whether a new sample has a signature similar to those of other samples in a certain group.
However, due to the multiple injections per sample required to cover the full range of masses, DIA can require significantly more MS time and starting material than SRM, which may not be feasible with environmental samples37.
