Furthermore, we suggest that non-allelic homologous recombination has led to multiple reversions to the non-duplicated state among inbred strains.
Recombinations usually cause multiple parallelisms or multiple reversions within a single element, whereby markers placed between these are always younger, formed after the moment of recombination.
To overcome this limitation, this article proposes a multiple-period mean reversion, or so-called "Moving Average Reversion" (MAR), and a new on-line portfolio selection strategy named "On-Line Moving Average Reversion" (OLMAR), which exploits MAR via efficient and scalable online machine learning techniques.
It is also simple to count, from the results of computer simulations, the corrections for multiple substitutions and reversions, which is important for estimating the real divergence time.
Since the observed substitution rates were different for each of the four nucleotides, we introduced corrections for multiple substitutions and reversions for each type of the substituted nucleotide instead of one general correction.
Here, we explore the case of a reversion to multiple mating from monogynous ancestry in golden orb-web spiders, Nephila senegalensis.
cerasiforme line E9 appears to be a different admixture, consistent with multiple events in which reversion of cultivars back to the wild creates many independent forms of S. lycopersicum var.
I think what the authors really mean when they say "irreversible" is that (i) the probability of an exact reversion of multiple mutations is improbable and (ii) reversion of only some mutations may not restore the original phenotype if other mutations have also occurred.
Nine sites had reversions or multiple replacements, usually leading to parallel or convergent evolution, and about half of these sites (14) underwent substantial changes in polarity or charge (Table 2).
Moreover, phylogenetic methods based on bifurcating trees, such as Neighbor joining analysis, may not be fully appropriate for analysis at the intra-species level [ 37, 38], especially in case of hypervariable genomic regions, where multiple homoplasy due to reversions, recurrent mutations etc., or polytomy may sometimes confound the phylogenetic interpretation.
