Multiple PM resistance loci including Ren4 in V. romanetii, Run2.1, and Run2.2 in M. rotundifolia as well as 55% of the annotated NB-LRR genes are located on this chromosome.
They harbor multiple resistance and virulence loci, coding a diverse range of siderophores, efflux pumps, beta-lactamases and adhesins that might contribute to the succesfull adaptation of this strain to the hospital environment.
NuoM shares strong sequence similarity with the antiporter multiple resistance and pH locus (Mrp) D of numerous Bacillus strains and for this reason is thought to have been recruited as a functional unit (instead of evolving from gene duplications).
These are located on 8 of the 12 chromosomes in rice, whereas no BPH genes have been identified on chromosomes 1, 5, 7 and 8. Multiple BPH-resistance loci are closely positioned or overlap on the same chromosome regions, and four gene clusters have been designated as A, B, C and D (Fujita et al. 2013).
The rice Pi2/9 locus harbors multiple resistance (R) genes each controlling broad-spectrum resistance against diverse isolates of Magnaporthe oryzae, a fungal pathogen causing devastating blast disease to rice.
Multiple alleles may exist at single resistance loci within populations with a broad genetic base, as we observed at the Pi33 locus in our indica panel.
These sources include 'Peking' (PI 548402), PI 88788 and PI 437654, which have each been shown to carry resistance loci effective against multiple nematode races [ 10, 11].
Compared to Sanger sequencing that requires multiple sequencing reactions to cover the various drug resistance loci, whole-genome sequencing has the ability to characterise all nucleotide positions in a single experiment.
The continuous "arms race" between Xoo and rice makes it imperative to discover new resistance loci to enable durable deployment of multiple resistance genes in modern breeding lines.
