At times, however, Russell believed that the fact that S believes that a bears R to b amounts to the holding of a multiple relation in which S, a, R and b are all relata (e.g. NTF, 155 56; TK, 144ff).
In most natural and engineered systems, the entities are linked with multiple types of associations and relations which play a factor in the dynamics of the network.
What make complex systems so complex, therefore, are their multiple feedback loops and their indirect cause-effect relations which, moreover, play out at different speeds and on different time scales.
(In the following we will use 'property' broadly to include states of affairs, which may be thought of as zero-place properties, and relations, which may be thought of as multiple place properties, as well as one-place properties).
When we have multiple causal arrows that are either all pointing inward toward a variable Z, or outward away from it, we are often able to infer from the probabilistic dependence relations which way they are pointing.
So when a search is made which encompasses multiple relations, the different sets of data are retrieved individually and a union of the different sets is computed.
The ability to have items in multiple relations, along with a function ability which can calculate certain values on the fly, eliminates much of the redundancy present in simpler systems.
The four bands were located at 150 kb, 300 kb, 450 kb, and 600 kb, all of which were in multiple relations.
Russell goes on to explain the multiple relation theory of judgment, which finds the place of propositions in this world of objects and qualities standing in relations.
The resulting hierarchical relation system is also formed a decision tree which is utilized to find the unique best relation among ambiguous multiple relations to achieve the uniqueness criterion.
