It was hypothesized that stoichiometric ratios in macromolecular complexes or balances of gene products involved in multiple steps in regulatory cascades are targeted by positive selection and important for optimal organism fitness [ 64, 65].
Exogenous processes like environmental responses facilitated fast signal transductions to multiple genes with short regulatory cascades, whereas endogenous processes needed to progress through multiple stages with a complex combination of TFs to fewer target genes [ 6].
Developmental mechanisms underlying somatic muscle development have mostly been studied in vertebrates and fly where multiple signals and hierarchic genetic regulatory cascades selectively specify myoblasts from a pool of naive mesodermal progenitors.
Each of these transitions rely on signal cascades with multiple regulatory and feedback loops allowing both plasticity and cooperation during development.
Multiple regulatory pathways and up/down stream cascades for SNARE complex formation have also been described [6].
Moreover, the context-dependent roles of miRNAs in the metastatic cascade often involve multiple regulatory loops.
This process is controlled by multiple regulatory pathways that orchestrate both proliferative and hepatoprotective signaling cascades.
Nonetheless, RXRs are also involved in many other signaling cascades and have the capacity to integrate multiple regulatory pathways as a ligand-bound receptor [ 30, 31].
Instead, we conclude that the functional splicing cascade facilitates RNA regulation carried out by multiple regulatory proteins in the germline.
