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This view is consistent with previous comparisons of the GATA gene complement in multiple protostome genomes.
In this analysis, at least one representative was identified from each class in multiple protostome genomes, and the germ layer specific expression for each class was documented in a basal lophotrochozoan, the polychaete annelid Platynereis dumerilii.
Our recent survey of GATA genes from the whole-genome sequence of multiple protostome genomes has identified at least four GATA genes in every currently available protostome genome, with gene duplications having occurred only within the GATA456 class [ 6].
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Our analysis indicates that protostome genomes have a single GATA123 ortholog, but multiple GATA456 paralogs.
We have identified the complete complement of GATA factors from nine additional protostome genomes, and we have reconstructed the evolution of protostome GATA factors using multiple approaches.
The CatSper channel complex is completely absent from a diverse sampling of protostome genomes.
In addition, genomic data is not compelling in favour of the cluster duplication scenario, since ParaHox clusters have been identified in only two mammalian species (mouse and human; [67]) in addition to amphioxus, whereas they are absent in other examined deuterostome species [69], [71] and in protostome genomes [72].
Improvement of the current genome assemblies or sequencing other protostome genomes will be required to reveal whether protostomes contain intact ParaHox clusters.
More than one TG genes are also present in some protostome genomes.
Therefore, currently there is no evidence for the existence of intact ParaHox clusters in protostome genomes.
The CYP 2, 3, 4, and mitochondrial clans are the same four clans found in other sequenced protostome genomes.
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