In order for such quality assessment schemes to be effectively used across multiple institutions, proficiency in using such approaches should be identified to ensure parity.
Plausible values are multiple imputed proficiency values based on information from the test items (the actual PIAAC literacy, numeracy, and PSTRE instruments) and information provided by the respondent in the BQ.
"The 'plausible value' methodology correctly accounts for error (or uncertainty) at the individual level by using multiple imputed proficiency values (plausible values) rather than assuming that this type of uncertainty is zero".
As respondents received different item booklets, PIAAC reports 10 plausible values, or multiple imputations of proficiency values from the posterior distribution of a latent regression item response model, for each skill domain.
To assess the learner's L2 proficiency for recruitment and participation purposes, the Oxford Quick Placement Test (henceforth QPT), a standardised 30-min multiple choice general English proficiency test) was administered at the beginning of the semester.
"So You Think" rewards proficiency in multiple styles, and aspiring dancers are paying attention to this, with ballet dancers dipping into hip-hop, for example, and vice versa.
In 2014, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education published the Pediatric Urology Milestone Project as a metric of fellow proficiency in multiple facets of training, including laparoscopic/robotic procedures.
Instruction in diverse theories of rhythm and meter, melodic construction, and compositional aesthetic, as well as intensive hands-on music-making, builds listening, composing, and performing proficiency in multiple music practices, and strengthens overall musicality.
According to the policy, "all students will be given multiple opportunities to demonstrate proficiency within the grading period... which will affect the final outcome of a student's grade".
Just as the Ironman requires athletes to develop drive, self-control and proficiency in multiple sports, high net worth clients expect their wealth managers to be tax- and investment-savvy, licensed and accredited in many disciplines, empathetic and active listeners who can facilitate communication about family values across generations.
Recent studies focusing on the relationship between multiple factors and L2 listening proficiency have provided a more systematic and comprehensive understanding of L2 listening proficiency (Brunfaut and Révész 2015; Yeldham 2016).
