Sentence examples for multiple predator effects from inspiring English sources

Predator species that operate on different time scales of predation may have independent multiple predator effects on prey even when changes to individual predator behaviours or per capita consumption rates occur.

We identified multiple predator effects on prey by comparing observed predation rate to that predicted from the multiple risk model.

Predator environments (i.e., isolated predators, conspecific pairs, and interspecific pair) were used to identify multiple predator effects on prey by comparing observed predation to that predicted from the multiplicative risk model.

The results indicated that swimming crab foraging behavior was affected by the chasing, threatening and fighting behavior of a conspecific competitor and this affected the predation rate on prey, which led to non-independent multiple predator effects in the swimming crab-Manila clam system.

Behavioural data and per capita consumption rates provided insight into mechanisms underlying observed multiple predator effects on prey.

There is a shortage of studies investigating how different size classes of a single species interact with one another to generate multiple predator effects.

However, dogwhelks were unable to consume enough prey over the experiment to allow detection of a non-independent multiple predator effect on prey by comparing observed to predicted consumption.

Our study found that abiotic chemical variables (i.e. nutrients, conductivity) did not discriminate between the two species' habitats, yet other processes that were not included in this study could also contribute to their habitat segregation such as competition, the interactive effects of multiple predators, priority effects, and dispersal [ 80- 83].

Hence, in multiple predator ecosystems, peoples' attitudes toward each species may be affected by the perceived activity of other predators.

This is the first study to demonstrate rapid learning of multiple predator cues by marine organisms transitioning to a new environment containing multiple novel predators.

Human predator effects were also significant (human predator as a random effect: χ2 = 4.6918, df = 0, p<0.001), but this effect was not relevant to our hypotheses.