Sentence examples for multiple predator cues from inspiring English sources

This is the first study to demonstrate rapid learning of multiple predator cues by marine organisms transitioning to a new environment containing multiple novel predators.

In general, multiple predator cues may interact in additive or synergistic fashion in relation to antipredator responses (Smith & Belk 2001; Wisenden et al. 2003; Ferrari et al. 2008).

Thus, IG prey females should be able to modulate their oviposition decisions by integrating multiple IG predator cues and by experience.

In contrast and in accordance with the multiple message and intersignal hypotheses (Johnstone 1996; Rowe 1999; Hebets & Papaj 2005), IG prey females integrated multiple direct IG predator cues in prey patch and oviposition site selection.

Prey patch selection and oviposition behaviour of the IG prey females of P. persimilis were influenced by single and multiple direct IG predator cues and IG predator experience of IG prey females.

Classic predator cues always indicate predation risk for prey but this is not the case for cues emitted from a predator guild member (Durant 2000).

For oviposition site selection, only the combination of cues, that is, both eggs and traces left on the substrate, was a reliable predictor of the immediate presence of a dangerous IG offspring predator, a gravid heterospecific female, reflecting the functional complexity of IG predator cues and the associated need to integrate multiple cues for optimizing oviposition decisions.

Fish reared with exposure to chemical predator cues were more lateralized than their brothers reared without predator cues.

Our findings demonstrate the capacity of coral reef fishes to interpret predator cues and prioritize threats and actions.

Our results suggest that the here documented synergism between pesticides and predator cues may occur in nature.

The addition of pesticides did not significantly affect body mass in the latter four species, unless combined with predator cues.