We used a large dataset of multiple population samples replicated over time for 20 parasite species and carried out assessments both intraspecifically and interspecifically, across taxonomic and ecological groupings.
To address this we have focused on the genes that occur in rHH in multiple population clusters and replicate in the stage 2 sample set, as they are less likely to be false positives.
Candidate gene approaches in OA research have been debated because suggested associations were rarely replicated in multiple population studies (Reynard and Loughlin, 2013).
SCAMP5 and CHRFAM7A (found in rHH in multiple population clusters in the discovery analysis) did not replicate in their corresponding replication clusters while NTS was significant in one of two ancestry-matched replication groups.
The TCF7L2 polymorphism rs7903146 is the strongest single genetic variant associated with type 2 diabetes [4], [5], [7], [8], [10] and has been convincingly replicated in multiple populations [27] [30].
The first SNP strongly associated with BMI and obesity was located in the FTO gene, and this has been subsequently replicated in multiple populations [ 25].
Each treatment can be replicated with multiple populations so as to correct for other sources of variation that can cause divergence such as genetic drift.
Common coding variants in APOE and common noncoding variants in FOXO3A have been associated with EL and replicated across multiple populations (Deelen et al., 2011; Brooks-Wilson, 2013; Garatachea et al., 2014).
These findings have been replicated in multiple population-based cohorts; and while the association between low BP and worse outcomes may be partially explained by overall health status or presence of comorbid conditions, 35 some studies demonstrate persistence of this association even after controlling for comorbidities.
In contrast to most complex disease, the role of common CNV in the pathogenesis of psoriasis has been robustly demonstrated and replicated across multiple populations worldwide (de Cid et al., 2009; Hollox et al., 2008; Huffmeier et al., 2010; Li et al., 2011; Riveira-Munoz et al., 2011; Wiwanitkit, 2010; Xu et al., 2011).
