For example, variation in worker ovariole number is correlated with variation in multiple behavioral and physiological traits in the same individuals, including foraging-preference and vitellogenin levels [20], and differences in larval diet can greatly influence the ovariole number [21], [22].
Resting metabolic rate, here defined as the energetic cost of self-maintenance [ 26], has been linked to multiple physiological and behavioural traits including predator avoidance, foraging behaviour, swimming performance and growth [ 13, 24].
Although it is possible to perform QTL analyses in wild populations using multigenerational pedigrees (Slate et al. 2002; Tarka et al. 2010), none that we are aware of have identified QTL for suites of multiple morphological or physiological traits associated with migration vs. residency.
Hormones are frequently responsible for regulating multiple physiological, behavioral, and life history traits, each of which may have a different effect on overall fitness.
This approach is particularly relevant for our application because it is based on unsupervised clustering, bypasses multiple testing problems when relating gene information to physiological traits, and does not need a priori gene ontology information.
Multiple regression analysis was chosen to characterize which factors that influence physiological traits and exposure levels.
We are programmed through multiple physiological mechanisms to protect our weight.
Today's chickens represent a range of different sizes, body proportions, plumage colours, behaviour, and physiological traits related to meat and egg production.
Although these genes were broadly classified as conferring morphological traits (35 genes), physiological traits (27), stress responses resistance (59), or other biological functions (3) (Table 1), 63 of them are associated with multiple functions.
