There is no way of knowing how or how much the belief in multiple perpetrators affected the situation.
Factors that courts consider in this analysis include: the severity and frequency of the conduct; whether or not the conduct could be considered physically threating or sufficiently emotionally damaging; was the perpetrator a supervisor or a person with authority over the employee; were there multiple perpetrators; and the total workplace circumstances.
A total of 74.5% of victims (n = 1,912) were subjected to gang rape by multiple perpetrators at the same time, including 89.3% of male and 73.9% of female victims.
The recommendation is that post exposure prophylaxis be provided to sexual assault victims especially when there is mucosal exposure; trauma and bleeding; in cases of repeated sexual abuse or multiple perpetrators; when the assailant is known to be HIV positive or has high risk behavior for HIV infection; or in places of high HIV prevalence [ 25].
According to Brayley and Cockbain's (2014) definition, which we use here, ICST involves multiple perpetrators and involves movement integral to the abuse (the 'trafficking' element).
Jasvinder Sanghera, a survivor of forced marriage and founder of charity Karma Nirvana, observes that FMPOs are "the only injunction where we send the victim back to multiple perpetrators".
In contrast, the involvement of multiple perpetrators is not characteristic of sexual offending against either children or adults (see, e.g., Horvath and Woodhams 2013; Smallbone and Wortley 2000).
Psychological sequelae may be more severe when the crime involves multiple perpetrators.
From 1997 to 2013, according to the Rotherham report, at least fourteen hundred children, some as young as eleven, were subject to sexual abuse perpetrated by organized and fairly methodical gangs: "They were raped by multiple perpetrators, trafficked to other towns and cities in the north of England, abducted, beaten, and intimidated".
The report said girls as young as 11 were raped by multiple perpetrators, trafficked to other towns and cities in the north of England, where they were abducted, beaten and intimidated, mainly by gangs of Pakistani heritage.
