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The focus is to elaborate the effect of entry friction on the growth of fractures initiated from multiple perforation clusters.
An accurate calculation of slurry distribution among multiple perforation clusters is necessary for all multi-fracture simulators.
With this 3D model, parametric studies were performed to illustrate the impact of perforation parameters and stress shadowing on the simultaneous propagation of fractures from multiple perforation clusters within a stage.
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This technology can reduce the operational costs by simultaneously creating multiple hydraulic fractures, however production log data demonstrate its failure in generating effective hydraulic fractures from a portion of perforation clusters.
However, field production has revealed that certain perforation clusters are invalid.
Open image in new window Fig. 2 Single-stage fractured horizontal well with 4 perforation clusters.
With 4 perforation clusters, 20 m cluster spacing and 15 m3/minjectionion rate, the SRA will increase by a large margin.
However, fracture lengths and widths of some perforation clusters may be restricted due to the stress shadow effects.
In this simulation, the linear density of the natural fractures is 0.12 m/m2, the number of the perforation clusters is 4, the perforation cluster spacing is 20 m, and the injection rate is 15 m3/min.
Figure 2 shows the model of a horizontal well with single-stage fracturing and 4 perforation clusters.
For a tight oil reservoir, 2 perforation clusters, 20 m cluster spacing and 6 8 m3/minjectionion rate cannot meet the requirement of stimulated reservoir volume (SRV).
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