In addition to its basic role in the turnover of proteins and organelles, autophagy possesses multiple physiological and pathophysiological functions in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and in the response to stresses.
Autophagy's basic role in the turnover of proteins and organelles, digesting cellular contents to provide cellular energy and building blocks for biosynthesis, possesses multiple physiological and pathophysiological functions in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis.
Numerous studies have demonstrated that Wnt ligands via their cell membrane bound receptors and coreceptors exert many fundamental physiological and pathophysiological functions in multiple organs and cell lineages, including organogenesis, tumorigenesis, and fibrosis, among others [ 15].
Patients with type 2 diabetes exhibit multiple pathophysiological deficits, including declining ß-cell function and a failure to suppress postprandial glucagon secretion [ 2].
Multiple pathophysiological mechanisms could underlie the relationship between AF and renal function.
Thus multiple evidences point toward a role of the eCB-system in the pathophysiological functions of the PFC [8], [21].
Therefore, there is significant merit in the use of combination therapies to target these multiple pathophysiological defects.
In the literature, multiple pathophysiological mechanisms are described to explain this association, and are here discussed.
In addition, it was reported to play important roles in multiple pathophysiological processes including development, aging, and degeneration.
Multiple pathophysiological pathways are involved in the relationship between depressive symptoms and atherosclerosis and its clinical manifestations and progression.
