To date, our knowledge of the mycobiome suggests that interactions among fungi within an environment and between mycobiomes found in different body sites may play an important role in pathogenesis, and that the development of a broad-spectrum monoclonal antibody or a universal vaccine targeting multiple pathogenic fungi would be more promising than therapies targeting a single fungal species.
Growing evidence highlights the importance of topical combination products targeting multiple pathogenic factors.
In multiple trials, topical combination therapies are more effective than monotherapy as they are capable of targeting multiple pathogenic mechanisms.
This is also in line with the idea that drugs such as desferrioxamine (mesylate) and posiphen that target multiple pathogenic molecules or processes in AD brain may hold the best promise in the clinical management of this complex and multifactorial neurological disorder [ 1- 5, 105, 108].
In this respect, tofacitinib provides an innovative oral therapeutic option for patients with moderately to severely active RA who failed to respond or were intolerant to traditional DMARDs and/or TNFi, as it targets the multiple pathogenic cytokines and, therefore, may have a broader spectrum of activity than other biological agents, such as TNFi acting against single inflammatory cytokines [ 3].
Selective c-Fms inhibition affords targeting of multiple pathogenic cell types and responses in autoimmune arthritis and represents a promising approach to the treatment of RA.
Considering the multiple pathogenic mechanisms, multi-mechanism-targeted therapy may have better effect than monotherapy.
The use of stringent ancient DNA protocol, multiple genetic targets with 100% sequence homology to pathogenic targets and a cognitive approach to authentication of mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis, sex and familial relatedness results was used to ensure authenticity of our ancient DNA results [39].
Mono-target therapy often fails to treat chronic diseases that are often induced by multiple pathogenic factors and often involve multiple pathological changes, it is necessary to expand drug discovery toward multi-target approach.
In general, it is accepted that the activity towards a single target is not sufficient for a complex disease involving multiple pathogenic factors (e.g., cancer, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative syndrome, cardiovascular diseases).
