Early maternal age at first birth and multiple parity may also contribute to poverty later in life.
Many of the respondents 161 77.0%) were "Yoruba", half had secondary school education, majority, were Christians, 175 83.7%), married, 167 79.9%) and of multiple parity.
We adjusted for potential confounders for which data were available on birth certificates based on prior knowledge (see Table 1 for categories used in models): maternal age, maternal place of birth, race/ethnicity, and education; type of birth (single, multiple), parity; insurance type (public, private, or other, a proxy for socioeconomic status); and gestational age at birth (weeks).
Another powerful, though simple, class of structured LDPC codes is represented by multiple serially concatenated multiple parity-check (M-SC-MPC) codes [24].
This was confirmed by providing examples of the proposed codes and comparing their performance with that of the multiple serially concatenated multiple parity-check (M-SC-MPC) code, which is a class of LDPC codes of efficient encoding [10].
The PB and CB sows that were selected for genotyping have phenotypic records from multiple parities on multiple traits and have a large genetic contribution to future descendants.
When specifying multiple parities or when a couple has experienced the loss of a previous child, and thus would be observed two or more times in the analysis of a particular parity progression rate, this may be a cause for concern.
Two third of PPCM patients developed the disease in a subsequent pregnancy, and the percentage of twin pregnancies, albeit similar in our control collective, was also higher in the PPCM collective compared to the overall frequency in Germany, confirming previous observation that the risk for PPCM increases with multiple parities and twin pregnancies [ 21, 24].
A South Australian study restricted the study population to women in their first singleton pregnancy so as to remove the confounding effect of multiple pregnancies, parity and previous preterm birth [ 53].
Previous studies have shown that various factors such as nutrition, multiple births, parity and lambing season have significant effects on milk production and hence affect model parameters [ 20, 21, 44, 45].
In the Cox regression analysis, network distance to the nearest health facility was strongly associated with under-five mortality after controlling for gender, maternal age, mother death, multiple birth, parity, death of preceding sibling, and family size.
