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After adjusting for multiple pain sites, psychiatric diagnoses, age, and comorbidities, women veterans had a 27% higher rate of outpatient visits than men (incidence rate ratio [RR] 1.27, 95% confidence [CI] 1.15 to 1.41).
About half of the RNs reported pain, at several and multiple pain sites.
Unfortunately, it is not possible to determine how many of these suffered from multiple pain sites.
Studies investigating multiple pain sites found the lower limb and the spine to be the most prevalent complaints (50% each).
With age, a steep increase in prevalence was observed for low back pain (LBP) and for multiple pain sites.
In support of the validity of the PIPP, individuals with multiple pain sites reported higher levels of impact and distress across the aspects assessed by the PIPP.
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Finally, many elderly people report multiple MSK pain sites.
Irrespective of the student's age or gender, school personnel and staff should consider depression and anxiety in students, especially when they report multiple somatic pain sites.
In a Dutch study, multiple MSK pain sites were present in roughly 28% of men and in 46% of women aged 65 and over [ 78].
Observational studies suggest, at least in part, a genetic basis in chronic pain syndromes including chronic widespread pain and fibromyalgia and pain reporting behavior at multiple MSK pain sites as well [ 42– 42].
Multiple regression analysis was then conducted to identify the significant pain sites and SIQR predictors of group membership.
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