Colonel Eric G. Kail, commissioned as an artillery officer in the U.S. Army in 1988, has commanded multiple organizations and served at several levels of staff responsibility in conventional and special operations units.
We approach our study system at multiple levels of organization, ranging from the developmental genetic basis of color pattern formation to the adaptive roles color patterns play in nature.
RESULTS: We designed a simulator to generate data representing a complex biological system at multiple levels of organization: behaviour, neural anatomy, brain electrophysiology, and gene expression of songbirds.
Maus et al. [ 10] have addressed a growing need for modeling tools that span multiple biological levels of organization by developing a multi-level rule-based language, called ML-Rules.
Biological systems are mainly composed of genes that encode the molecular machines that execute the functions of life and networks of regulatory interactions specifying how genes are expressed, with both operating on multiple, hierarchical levels of organization [ 1].
We utilized a genotyping protocol that uses 454 amplicon sequencing to characterize the MHC class I in the endangered loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) and to investigate their evolution at multiple relevant levels of organization.
115, 143 The authors then correlated these differences to changes at multiple ecological levels of organization in the nearby coral reef community, including increased macroalgal density and diversity, reduced cover of reef-building corals, and reductions in fish abundance on the reef.
Perhaps the most important contribution of the layered view was the idea that molecular networks are organized at multiple levels; the molecular organization of the cell cannot be understood at one scale only.
The Defense Department is a decentralized federation composed of many semiautonomous organizations and multiple levels of purchasing authority.
Ideally future research would examine coercive mobility and health care organizations at multiple levels, including at a smaller neighborhood unit such as the census tract or neighborhood block group.
