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In addition, all previous studies involved multiple operating surgeons and failed to control for variation in surgeon expertise.
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This problem relates to the use of multiple operating rooms and different types of surgeons in a typical surgical day with deterministic operation durations (preincision, incision, and postincision times).
Limited details regarding the operating surgeons are provided, however, which could mask inter-surgeon variability and proficiency bias [31].
The operating surgeons were experienced shoulder arthroscopists.
Operating surgeons are senior residents, chief residents, attending surgeons as well as consultant surgeons.
The operating surgeons also completed the latter task.
The operating surgeons assigned the participants to intervention.
The operating surgeons were not involved in the clinical assessment.
Another brother (III17) died of peritonitis and gangrene of the bowels at the age of 20, resulting from intestinal obstruction of multiple pedunculated tumors (as reported by operating surgeon, 1939).
Intra-operative use of perfluorocarbon liquids (PFCL) was at discretion of the operating surgeon.
The operating surgeon chose the reamer.
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