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The maintenance of multiple nonsynonymous polymorphisms within a species by balancing selection could increase the genome-wide ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous polymorphism within a species above the ratio of nonsynonymous-to-synonymous divergence among species.
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Alternatively, a high rate of nonsynonymous polymorphism can result from balancing selection on multiple nonsynonymous alleles.
Our studies have revealed that porcine PRR genes possess many nonsynonymous polymorphisms, particularly in regions encoding the ectodomains of TLRs localized on the cell surface.
The genes encoding TLRs located on the membrane of intracellular compartments, and cytoplasmic PRRs such as NLRs and RLHs, also possessed nonsynonymous polymorphisms.
We found only five SNPs that led to a change in amino acid for all of the species (i.e., nonsynonymous polymorphisms), as mentioned above (Fig. 1b, Table 2).
Only two nonsynonymous polymorphisms were found in our sample, so other neutrality tests were not applied.
Common nonsynonymous polymorphisms in TLR6-TLR1-TLR10 TLR6-TLR1-TLR10 TLR6-TLR1-TLR10ted with TB disealsoin certain ethnic groups.
It appears that Neanderthals might also have had a significant excess of nonsynonymous polymorphisms in CYTB within their lineage.
The incomplete section (65%) of the CYTB gene shows statistically significant excess of nonsynonymous polymorphisms within modern humans.
Rare nonsynonymous polymorphisms in TLR6-TLR1-TLR10 TLR6-TLR1-TLR10 TLR6-TLR1-TLR10ted among African-American TB cases compared were ethnically-matched control significantly
The neutrality index was calculated as the ratio of nonsynonymous polymorphisms to fixations divided by the ratio of synonymous polymorphisms to fixations [10].
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