Delhommeau and colleages then sequenced TET2 in patient tumor samples, becoming the first group to identify TET2 mutations in multiple myeloid neoplasms, including MDS (19%), MPNs (12%14%%), and sAML (24%).
It is absent from most normal epithelia, but is expressed in multiple epithelial neoplasms, including carcinomas of the pancreas, lung, esophagus, stomach and breast [ 17- 24].
Colorectal neoplasms were further classified as small single non-advanced adenomas < 5 mm, medium single non-advanced adenomas 5 to <10 mm,and multiple or advanced colorectal neoplasms (including multiple adenomas regardless of size and advanced colorectal neoplasms).
Since then, CDDP has been licensed worldwide for the treatment of multiple other solid neoplasms, including head and neck, lung, colorectal and ovarian cancers.
Aberrant expression of TNKS has been found in cancers and neoplasms, including multiple myeloma, plasma cell leukemia (Xu et al. 2001), bladder and colon cancer (Shebzukhov et al. 2008), and breast cancer (Sidorova et al. 2006).
The serine/threonine kinase Nek2 is commonly found upregulated in a wide variety of neoplasms including diffuse large B cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma.
Mutations in STK11 cause Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), this is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by multiple gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyps and an increased risk of various neoplasms including gastrointestinal cancer [ 45, 46].
The two XP-C patients died of internal neoplasms including glioblastoma in XP24BE and cervical adenocarcinoma with tumor metastasis to multiple organs and systems in XP1BE.
In another study, patients with rheumatic disease on multiple drugs, including azathioprine, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide and chlorambucil were found to have an enhanced risk of neoplasms, including in the bladder (Asten et al, 1999).
The antiproliferative effects of IFN prompted its evaluation in treating several neoplasms, including HCC.
