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There are no reports of multiple neoplasms in African lions (Panthera leo).
Multiple neoplasms in a single individual were reported separately or manually separated if reported in bulk before evaluation took place.
Elevated HIF-1 α level is associated with the development of multiple neoplasms in Von Hippel Lindu (VHL) disease and poor patient survival in breast cancer, signifying a decisive role in cancer development (Maxwell et al, 1999).
In most of cancer biology, the appearance of multiple neoplasms in different sites is assumed to have been generated by a primary tumor that has metastasized to secondary sites.
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The authors reported an overall improvement in the cumulative survival by 3-6 and 4-7 years of observation in groups with breast and colon cancer, respectively, as well as a slight decrease in frequency of primary multiple neoplasms and metachronous tumors in the contralateral breast [ 39, 55- 61].
Patients with metachronous breast cancer were relatively younger in age, tended to have multiple neoplasms that were multicentric in nature, were at an earlier stage of disease, had a strong family history of breast cancer in comparison with those having unilateral or synchronous bilateral breast cancer, and had the best survival.
Several previous studies have attempted to find a common gene signature in multiple neoplasms.
Such improvement has caused a surge in the number of surviving patients with secondary multiple neoplasms, posing an additional threat in terms of morbidity and mortality.
Location of the principal neoplasm was defined as that of the most advanced lesion in a patient with multiple neoplasms.
Mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and IDH2 have been identified in enchondromas and chondrosarcomas, in patients with both solitary and multiple neoplasms [ 4, 5].
Nowadays, it is accepted that the prevalence of multiple neoplasms varies between 0.7% and 11.7% in different populations 1 and this number is increasing. 2 Even though there is an adequate body of published data describing the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of patients with single and multiple primaries, there are few reports addressing patient survival with different results.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com