Also consists of multiple sheets with additional information on mutation hotspots, genomic coordinates, and IDs for the 45 highly expressed lncRNAs and the divergent lncRNAs.
Mutation hotspots were reproducibly detected in multiple hop plants analyzed, suggesting that positive host-selection pressure existed.
Furthermore, visualizing this selection as a continuum at multiple scales using multiple parameters allows intuitive differentiation of recurrent selection in non-exonic regions from mutation hotspots.
The accumulated mutations differ across mutator strains, displaying base-substitution biases, allele-specific mutation hotspots, and break-associated mutation clustering.
Indeed, in MSI CRC multiple well-established oncogenes, in particular BRAF, KRAS, PIK3CA and CTNNB1, are known to display very specific mutation hotspots (Fearon, 2011).
This result seems to hold more generally: see enrichment analysis of Pfam domain mutations across multiple cancer data sets in L i et al. (2009) and clustering analysis of so-called mutation hotspots in protein domains (Y ue et al. 2010).
Various studies have hinted that mutation hotspots might be related to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), but their results were open to multiple interpretations.
DNA-repair systems such as MMR and NER are constituted of multiple proteins and defects of different factors within a DNA repair system may result in differing mutation frequencies, mutation spectra and mutation hotspots within coding and non-coding DNA.
Additionally, microsats are distributed throughout the genome of animals and are mutation hotspots.
These mutations are not distributed at random, and bladder-specific mutation hotspots have been reported at codons 280 and 285.
