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By screening of individual DNA samples from 4500 M2 mutant wheat lines generated by heavy ion irradiation, we detected multiple mutants with deletions of each TaPFT1 homoeologue, and confirmed these deletions using a CAPS method.
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Delitto perfetto has an advantage over MIRAGE when the goal is to generate multiple mutants each with a different mutation within a defined region of the genome; this is because once the Gal-SceI CORE has been inserted into the genome, mutations can be introduced anywhere within a 100-200 bp of the CORE site simply by using different oligonucleotides in the second step.
Simultaneous survivals were then conducted for multiple mutants, in parallel with their isogenic wild-type controls.
Although we were unable to achieve rescue of fast neurotransmitter release in synaptotagmin-1 KO neurons with the Syt1/7 chimeras, our experiments with multiple mutants underscore how difficult it is to confer a specific activity to a protein isoform even when the starting point is a closely related isoform.
We performed mono-infections because co-infection with multiple mutants can obscure the granuloma phenotype, owing to the wild-type helper effect.
We also generated double or multiple mutants of wer-1, a mutant with more root hairs than Col-0, with BRI1-OX or bin2-3 bil1 bil2, and found that both BRI1-OX wer-1 and bin2-3 bil1 bil2 wer-1 were similar to wer-1, with many ectopic root hairs formed at the N cell position.
The same advantages apply for the construction of multiple mutants by crossing of strains with different gene deletions, which is now possible with considerably less hands-on time and minimal screening effort compared to a transformation approach.
Overall, the single and multiple mutants displayed stimulated strand joining activity with increased concentration of PEG 8000.
These observations underscore the importance of exploring collateral networks in multiple mutants of different clinical strain backgrounds and with different resistance mechanisms to assess their potential clinical application.
We next made crosses between ap2c1/ap2c2 with ap2c4/ap2c3 double mutants to obtain other combinations of multiple mutants.
Both multiple mutants display large modifications of stability and activity arising from synergic effects in comparison with single mutations.
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