A total of 163 nontandem duplicate genes that were related to 75 kinds of phenotypic change were classified into 26, 89, 32, and 16 genes whose multiple-knockout mutants showed phenotypic changes in the seed, vegetative, reproductive, and conditional phenotypes, respectively.
However, singles and multiple cdf mutants show a wild-type pattern of AtMYB60 expression, ruling out their involvement in AtMYB60 regulation (Additional file 2).
The analyses performed so far on cheater mutants showed that multiple mechanisms and pathways may be involved in cheating behavior, with cheater mutants showing diverse functions including GTPase regulatory activity, polyketide synthesis, nucleotide binding, and phosphoric ester hydrolase activity [ 21].
Genes deregulated in the rx3-/ mutants showed enrichment of multiple RAX-binding motifs and high gene co-expression connectivity.
The authors used whole seedling protein preparations for comparisons between wild type and multiple mutants to show that PP2Cs control the activity of OST1 but not of CPKs and the interdependence of the Ca2+ dependent and independent pathway.
EAGs and SSRs indicated that the fourth-instar nymphs of the Orco mutants showed severely impaired electrophysiological responses to multiple odors.
However, the OmpU mutants, particularly the A195T and G325D mutants, showed a mild competitive defect after multiple passaging in growth medium.
A series of multiple alanine mutants was created to investigate the minimal requirements for folding, and solution structures of these mutants showed that the original fold was maintained, despite changes in ∼50% of the sequence.
slr1 mutants showed elongated leaves and internodes.
Catalytic constructs of Sst2, including many of its mutants, showed better expression and appeared to be suitable for crystallization (the construct alone and its mutants readily yielded crystals from multiple conditions).
