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Multiple molecular defects have been identified, including nonsense, frameshift and missense mutations.
Deregulation of canonical oncogenic pathways such as E2F, K-RAS, p53, and Wnt/b-catenin signaling are known to occur with varying frequencies in GC [ 15- 17], suggesting that GC is a heterogeneous disease with multiple molecular defects.
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The pathologic plasma cell in AL amyloidosis is thought to be similar to the plasma cell seen in multiple myeloma, with common molecular defects.
This study indicates that multiple molecular mechanisms, including gating abnormalities, trafficking defects, or a combination of both, are responsible for SCN5A-related familial SSS.
Nevertheless, in mtDNA mutator mice, aging is driven solely by mtDNA mutations, whereas normal human aging is a complex, multifactorial process driven by multiple molecular mechanisms including not only mtDNA defects but also ROS, senescence, and damaged proteins.
The large number of mouse genetic models in which NTDs arise as part of the phenotype emphasize the possible genetic complexity of these defects and provide insight into the multiple molecular requirements for neural tube closure (3, 6, 7).
On the other hand, if distinct sets of genetically different strains show defects at different temperature ranges, then this would suggest multiple molecular mechanisms.
Isatins have multiple molecular mechanisms to exert their anticancer activity.
XP patients bear molecular defects either in nucleotide excision repair (NER) or in translesion synthesis (TLS).
The crystallinity results are interpreted in terms of molecular scission and photo-initiated molecular defects.
Knowledge of specific tumor mutations by the sequencing of tumor DNA has led to the development of drugs that target specific molecular defects.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com