In cancer cells, where p53 alleles are often mutated, decrease in apoptosis can be compensated by the process of mitotic catastrophe, a form of cell death resulting from abnormal mitosis and leading to the formation of cells with multiple micronuclei (MN) (Roninson et al, 2001).
Mitotic catastrophe has been delineated as a type of cell death that results from abnormal mitosis and is associated with premature chromosome condensation and the formation of large cells with multiple micronuclei (Vitale et al., 2011).
Such characteristics are hallmarks of a particular type of cell death called mitotic catastrophe, which Roninson et al (2001) defined as a type of cell death resulting from abnormal mitosis ending in the formation of large cells with multiple micronuclei and decondensed chromatin.
Approx. 50% of NPM-depleted cells had defective nuclear morphologies of various types, such as irregular, ruffled, lobulated morphologies, and more than 12% of cells formed multiple micronuclei, whereas more than 98% of mock-treated cells had the regular nuclear structure with almost no micronuclei formation.
The yield of micronuclei formation was essentially linear up to the highest dose (30 particles per cell nucleus) delivered.
We have shown that niacin deficiency impairs poly(ADP-ribose) formation and enhances sister chromatid exchanges and micronuclei formation in rat bone marrow.
Unfortunately, there is currently no reliable, unbiased, and quantitative method to measure genotoxicity (micronuclei formation) of gene carriers directly in transfected MSCs.
All vectors were evaluated for their efficiency and impact on metabolic activity, cell membrane integrity, chromosomal aberrations (micronuclei formation), gene dysregulation, and differentiation ability of stem cells.
OTA induced micronuclei formation.
