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In addition, molecular imaging with existing strategies (e.g., PET-CT) anovelvel nanoparticle-based imaging technologies can help identify the heterogeneity of tumor response at multiple metastatic sites.
Heterogeneity of PD-L1 levels could indicate intra-tumoral or intra-patient heterogeneity, as each of these patients had multiple metastatic sites and the CTCs could break off from any or multiple of these sites.
In 23 patients, gene number and level of gene expression were equivalent in the primary tumor site compared with single or multiple metastatic sites in regional lymph nodes.
Chemotherapy, the only systemic option, is indicated when as is usually the case there is advanced disease with multiple metastatic sites [4, 23].
For the patients with multiple metastatic sites, molecularly targeted therapies were given to six (30%) patients.
Patient with ER and PR negative, life-threaten condition or multiple metastatic sites often received chemotherapy.
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Twenty-nine patients had multiple extracranial metastatic sites (17 with lung plus liver and 12 with lung plus bone) (Table 3).>> -wrap-foot>> a ICP increased intracranial pressure The treatments received by patients were as follows: surgery only, 25 (26.9 %); SRS only, 9 (9.7 %); WBRT only, 22 (23.7 %); surgery plus WBRT, 19 (20.4 %); surgery plus SRS, 11 (11.8 %); and SRS plus WBRT, 7 (7.5 %).
Furthermore, metastasis from half of the patients studied underwent polyclonal seeding with the transfer of multiple tumour clones between metastatic sites.
International Classification of Diseases (ICD) version 9 and subsequent versions provide information on metastatic sites as multiple causes of death, available at the Swedish Causes of Death Register.
Intratumoral heterogeneity and branched evolution are recently revealed in multiple spatially separated samples obtained from primary renal carcinomas and associated metastatic sites by using genome sequencing [ 31].
Multiple baseline factors, including Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0, nonvisceral disease, < three metastatic sites, and less time from initial diagnosis until random assignment, were associated with improved OS. Incidence of adverse events was consistent with previously reported rates.
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