The plasma membrane can compensate for mechanical stress by multiple mechanisms such as unfolding and by increasing lipid trafficking to the plasma membrane [ 64].
The full effects of deletions and inversions on local gene expression may well be highly complex, as the altered topology at SCRaMbLEd loci is also likely to affect the expression of neighbouring genes through multiple mechanisms, such as changes in local nucleosome positioning, disruption of nearby promoter regulation and repositioning of genes relative to one another.
CFSs are extended over hundreds of kilobases and their instability is induced by multiple mechanisms such as paucity of replication origins, fork stalling at AT-rich DNA sequences, late replication timing, and collision of replication and transcription, which are all associated with perturbation of DNA replication5,44.
Aluminum adjuvants activate NLRP3 by multiple mechanisms such as by causing damage and rupture of the phagolysosomes, generating reactive oxygen species, inducing K+ efflux and via release from injured tissues of molecules that constitute danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) such as uric acid and ATP.
Drugs in this class are insulinotropic but lower blood glucose by multiple mechanisms such that effects on β-cell function can be difficult to discern by conventional measures.
Indeed, hypotension has been described as a physiologic response to intubation caused by multiple mechanisms, such as induction-associated sympatholysis and the effects of positive pressure ventilation [30].
Indeed, DCs may promote tolerance through multiple mechanisms, such as through central and peripheral tolerance induction, the generation and maintenance of Treg cells, as well as the induction of T cell unresponsiveness.
Using multiple microscopy methods, they found that all three showed significant resistance, apparently resulting from multiple cellular mechanisms such as deposition of a protective layer of the polysaccharide callose, and programmed death of infected cells.
To provide initial qualitative validation and illustrate the usefulness of the model, we use the model to investigate Edge on Impact experiments (Strassburger, 2004) on Aluminum Oxynitride (AlON), and discuss the interactions of multiple mechanisms during such an impact event.
α-Synuclein may regulate dopamine homeostasis through multiple mechanisms [13], such as dopamine synthesis/breakdown [39], [40], compartmentalization [41] and recycling [42].
This strength increase can be attributed to a combination of multiple strengthening mechanisms, such as the formation of nanoscale twins, segregation of C to grain boundaries, and the atomic rearrangement of C and Mn around the dislocation.
