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Ten commercially available RFAs were tested by a single operator with multiple measurements by the centrifugation method, and the results were compared with those obtained by the cone and volumetric flask methods.
For example, the coefficient of variation ( = S.D./mean) for multiple measurements by different investigators in mice, rats, dogs, and cats is relatively high (0.48±0.02).
Means in the text are presented with standard deviations in brackets and where required controlled for multiple measurements by taking the average for each individual (sample size thus represent number of individuals used, not number of trials).
The intraobserver variability for multiple measurements by a single observer of a single CT scan ranged from 0.2 to 1.4%.
Statistical methods like generalized estimation equations and the modified adjusted Chi²-test [ 3] allow for analyses taking into account correlations between units within a patient and multiple measurements by different readers.
Comparability with at least two methods has to be determined; objectivity calls for a multitude of readers; and repeatability requires multiple measurements by the same reader using each method.
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Multiple measurements collected by on-board cameras, attitude sensors and LIDAR are used to estimate the state of each spacecraft with respect to the asteroid.
Precision consists of repeatability and reproducibility, defined as the degree of closeness in multiple measurements made by a single user and the closeness between multiple labs, respectively.
Figure 6 shows an example displaying shifts by visit, avoiding the bias by multiple measurements when plotting only maximum post-baseline values.
Multiple measurements of wind speed by spinning cup anemometer and wind direction by rotating vane were collected between consecutive rows of panels at two heights above the ground.
Whole-body dosimetry may be performed with a portable or externally mounted compensated Geiger counter which enables multiple measurements to be made by either staff or, if necessary, possibly by comforters and carers.
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