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The same is true under multiple mating (Table 2, column 2) and multiple queens (column 3).
Columns and rows as in Table 2. Multiple mating (Table 8, column 2) tends to promote policing in non-imprinted genes because workers become less related to each other.
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Therefore, to obtain a total of 40 broods for each treatment, 73 and 78 femalesles were mated for the single and multiple mating treatment, respectively (Table 1, Additional file 1: Supporting information 1).
Under multiple mating (column 2 of Table 4) the nonimprinted selfishness condition becomes easier to meet (and the altruism condition harder to meet) because of the lowered relatedness to the siblings experiencing the cost.
Columns and rows as in Table 2. Multiple mating does not change these conditions.
However, it is rare to hear of multiple mating types.
According to Leonard, multiple mating types (i.e., more than two) are advantageous if time is of the essence.
"This [work] suggests one scenario in which multiple mating can be beneficial".
Gage and colleagues found that multiple mating, also called polyandry, did benefit inbred females.
However, multiple mating may incur other, ecological costs [1]; [1]; [1]].
Such comparisons clearly demonstrate that multiple mating confers fertility advantages.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com