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We excluded patients with a history of multiple malignancies in order to reduce the possibility of including cancers other than NSCLC.
The drug, developed by Columbia and MSK researchers, selectively kills cancer cells and has shown activity against multiple malignancies in pre-clinical studies.
Hence the possibility of other genetic factors may contribute to the development of multiple malignancies in the Caucasian population.
In light of the patient's history of multiple malignancies, in addition to an inflammatory/infectious etiology, the possibility of metastasis, although less likely, was also considered.
In this study, we analysed immunocytochemically p53 expression in first primary and second primary cancers from 25 head and neck cancer patients (HNCPs) with multiple malignancies in comparison with oncoprotein expression in tumour tissues from 25 historical HNCP controls with single cancer in a match-paired analysis.
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Chromosomal analysis demonstrated a higher sensitivity to clastogens of HNCPs with multiple tumours than of HNCPs with a single cancer (P < 0.01), and a significant correlation between chromosome fragility and p53 overexpression (P < 0.01) only in HNCPs with multiple malignancies more than in those with single head and neck cancer (P = 0.11).
We and others have previously shown that loss of INPP4B expression correlates with poor prognosis in multiple malignancies and with metastatic spread in prostate cancer.
Moreover, PTEN is frequently mutated or there is loss of heterozygosity in multiple malignancies, but these occur rarely in ESCC [ 30, 31].
Recent studies have indicated the involvement of Src-homology 2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) in multiple malignancies; however, the role of SHP2 in oral cancer progression has yet to be elucidated.
miR-221 and miR-222 are known to facilitate tumor cell growth, malignant potential, and EMT in multiple malignancies such as prostate, breast, and thyroid cancer [ 50– 50].
The frequent, predominant epigenetic inactivation of OPCML in multiple malignancies points to the importance of this gene in tumorigenesis.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com