A given HG can either include genes traditionally defined as gene families (e.g., Iroquois gene family, part of the TALE class, which is part of the homeobox genes superfamily11), as gene classes (e.g., POU class of the homeobox superfamily, containing multiple gene families), or as superfamilies (e.g., Wnt ligands, containing multiple gene classes that comprise diverse gene families).
In this paper, the design and synthesis of a new series of macrocyclic polyphosphine ligands, containing multiple units of dibenzophosphole (DBP) as building blocks, are described.
Ligands containing multiple charged groups, with the total charge smaller than −3 or larger than +3 were excluded from any further analyses.
These ligands contain multiple domains to which other laminins, entactin/nidogen, integrins, α-dystroglycan, heparin, heparan sulfate and sulfatides can bind.
Notably, all ligands contained multiple N-acetyl groups, suggesting that internal acetylated residues may be recognized by ficolin-A, in addition to the terminal moiety.
It has been confirmed that the high affinity and specificity of binding to typical ASGP ligands are the result of multiple carbohydrate recognition domains in a hetero-oligomeric ASGPR complex binding to multiple complementary Gal/GalNAc residues in a glycan ligand containing multiple nonreducing termini [21], [22].
Another 8 of the 20 best ligands contain Galβ1-3GalNAc.
The built-in 2D drawer is able to deal with single proteins, which contain multiple ligands, as well as with multiple members of one protein family.
RP contains 49% mannose which could potentially bind to MR. Polysaccharides with multiple repeats may engage multiple ligands, resulting in a super cross-linking of the receptors and blocking or engulfing the endocytosis process [ 18].
Chemokine receptors typically have multiple ligands.
