They assumed a lay-up consisting of multiple laminate shells, two shear webs, fore and aft panels, and two spar caps of equal thickness.
The multiple laminate structure of nacre is composed of polygonal tablets bonded with organic adhesives to maximize its load-sharing capability.
The transition from single crack extension to multiple laminate cracking near the crack tip has been studied over a range of metal/ceramic thickness ratios (tm/tc), in three metal/ceramic laminate systems: Al/alumina, Cu/alumina and Ni/alumina.
PANDA2 is a code for the minimum-weight design of perfect and imperfect elastic stiffened panels and shells made of composite laminates and subjected to multiple sets of in-plane loads, edge moments, normal pressure, and temperature.
Cromer et al. (2012) studied the effect of multiple non-coincident impacts on compression-after-impact (CAI) properties of glass/epoxy laminates and offered a FE model to predict residual flexural strength based on the apparent modulus and damage dimensions.
Typically, the scene is a field of laminates and steel.
This test is also used for testing formaldehyde-emitting impregnated papers, laminates, and insulation foams.
The multiple composite laminates selected for redesigning the lay-ups within an initial symmetrical quasi-isotropic ply configuration of [0/45/−45/90]s, had to demonstrate full orthotropic characteristics.
We show that the current shell formulation proposed can be utilized to describe the kinematics of a laminate containing multiple inter- and intralaminar cracks.
Furthermore, laminas can be subdivided into multiple sub-laminates to increase the accuracy of the representation of intralaminar/interlaminar shear, which is shown to improve the predicted value of maximum interlaminar shear stress, which in turn is important for the prediction of matrix-crack induced delamination.
