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Nonetheless, all the newly proposed species were first identified based on morphology and roughly half (8 out of 17) of the species for which multiple isolates have been examined form monophyletic groups.
When more than one isolate was obtained during a single episode of illness, for example from blood and CSF, multiple isolates have been included in the analysis only if they differed by MLST and/or antibiotic susceptibility pattern.
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Although infections with multiple DCV isolates have been described before [21], [22], we found that multiple infections do not only occur in D. melanogaster, but also in D. subobscura.
Nucleotide sequence analyses of porA genes from multiple meningococcal isolates have established that the panel of serosubtyping monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) is not comprehensive.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the third most common pathogen responsible for nosocomial infections and the prevalence of multiple resistant isolates has been increasing.
However, the extent of these gene losses and rearrangements across multiple Bm isolates has not been studied, and thus, it is unknown how common these events have been across the species.
Additional parameters that added confidence to a particular mSFP call, such as multiple parasite isolates having the same SFP and matches to known SNP in PlasmoDB, were also indicated.
The fact that a higher proportion of placental isolates have multiple var2csa-type genes than occur in samples from non-pregnant individuals may indicate that the multi-locus genotypes have a selective advantage in placental malaria infections.
Most of the isolates were CMY producers (94.7%), and this most common CMY enzyme (CMY-2) of carbapenem-non-susceptible E. coli is also frequently found in cephamycin-resistant E. coli in community-acquired urinary tract infections in Taiwan [ 35]. a Most isolates have multiple β-lactamase genes.
While the phenotype microarray did not reveal a distinct pattern of mutation among the archival isolates, the data did confirm that various isolates have used multiple strategies to survive in the archival environment.
Studies in clinical isolates have implicated multiple mechanisms in resistance, but have focused on large-scale aberrations or candidate genes, and do not comprehensively chart the genetic basis of adaptation.
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