The observation that several spots matched to this protein supports previous data that there are multiple isoforms of this enzyme [ 31].
The circumstance supporting the existence of these scenarios in plants would be the presence of multiple isoforms of starch-related enzymes, e.g., starch synthase and starch branching enzymes, for converting one metabolite to another (Additional file 6: Figure S4; Additional file 7: Figure S5; Additional file 8: Figure S6).
During the elongation, the malonyl group of malonyl-ACP participates in a series of condensation reactions with acyl ACP (or acetyl-CoA) acceptors that are catalyzed by the multiple isoforms of the condensing enzyme, ketoacyl-ACP synthase (KAS) (Table 4).
Although we could not be certain if these bands corresponded to multiple isoforms of the target enzyme or actual unspecific bindings to other proteins without further experiments, we did not expect these apparent multiple bindings to significantly influence the specificity of the ELISA for 2 reasons.
This study itself does not directly explore sources of variance, however it could be due to many factors including multiple isoforms or copies of similar enzymes, variation in total production or secretion of hydrolytic enzymes and different suites of CWDE diversity.
Among the organisms, fungi and bacteria express functionally diverse multiple isoforms of cell wall degrading enzymes as a result of genetic redundancy, differential mRNA processing, or post-translational modification (Badhan et al. 2007).
Multiple isoforms of enolase and aconitase enzymes were found to be differentially expressed in infected leaves.
A third Wolbachia protein, iron superoxide dismutase (FeSOD) was identified in spot 2. Several antioxidant enzymes exist as multiple isoforms, exhibiting small variations in isolectric point and molecular mass, which are likely the result of post-translational modifications [22], [23].
PathExpress analysis shows that enzymes implicated in the biosynthesis of stilbene, coumarine and lignin are significantly over-represented in both root sections; however in both instances the enzymes implicated are multiple isoforms of heme peroxidase, cytochrome P450 containing monooxygenases and beta-glucosidase.
They are synthesized de novo in the epidermis via the glycerol-3-phosphate pathway, catalyzed sequentially by a group of enzymes that have multiple isoforms including glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (AGPAT), Lipin and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT).
