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Multiple inflammatory cells and cytokines were reported to be involved in the process of cardiac fibrosis.
Coupled with repeated cycles of chronic infection, CF lung disease results in thickened mucoid secretions that contain multiple inflammatory cells and harbour a host of pathogens.
However, clinical and animal studies have shown that activation of multiple inflammatory cells and release of inflammatory mediators play an important role in the development and outcome of ARDS [ 1].
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The gut liver axis involves multiple inflammatory cell types and cytokines, chemokines and other molecules which lead to the destruction of normal liver architecture.
Cytokines are recognised as important factors in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 1 2 In RA, the joint is infiltrated by multiple inflammatory cell populations including T cells, B cells, macrophages and neutrophils, all of which contribute to the local cytokine network.
It has been found that after PDGF stimulation, the expression of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) by VSMCs was greatly upregulated, which binds multiple types of inflammatory cells [18].
At the time of lung transplantation, we found the lungs of silica-exposed subjects to contain multiple foci of inflammatory cells and silicotic nodules with proximal TNFα expressing macrophage and NF-κB activation in epithelial cells.
In agreement with earlier analyses [4], both EMPath (Table 1) and GSEA analyses confirmed multiple inflammatory and T cell activation pathways in pancreatic tissue in late insulitis and early T1D.
Complexity in AIR progression is due to multiple effects induced by inflammatory cells.
Eight months after first PIPAC, fourth PIPAC showed complete remission (a3), and multiple biopsies showed apoptotic inflammatory cells (b3) but no tumor.
During tumorigenesis and inflammation, multiple types of infiltrating inflammatory cells secrete lymphangiogenic factors including VEGF-A and VEGF-C, leading to the formation of lymphatic vessels.
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