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When comparing single and multiple infections at baseline, none of the hrHPV types showed marked differences in clearance rates (data not shown).
None of the hrHPV types showed marked differences in clearance rates when comparing single infections at baseline to multiple infections at baseline (data not shown).
Many people have multiple infections at the same time, but the combined contribution of those infections to disease-related mortality is unknown.
We report the following findings: after superinfection (multiple infections at different times) or coinfection (simultaneous infection by different strains), quasispecies dynamics has time scales of several months and becomes even slower at low number of CD4+ T cells.
This difference was most pronounced in women with HPV16 at baseline, as the ⩾CIN3 rate was 35%9595% CI 26 44) when carrying a single infection at baseline and 14%9595% CI 6 32) when carrying multiple infections at baseline (P=0.022).
We did a cross-sectional study of new migrants to test an innovative one-stop blood test approach to detect multiple infections at one appointment (HIV, latent tuberculosis, and hepatitis B/C) on registration with a General Practitioner (GP) in primary care.
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Multiple infection at the cervix did not convey increased risk of association with either LG or HG cytological status (p = 0.2116, two-tailed Fisher's exact test).
Among the 3% of cases with multiple infection, HPV16 was the most commonly occurring type, and all cases with multiple infections had at least one HR HPV type.
Nearly 40% of diarrhoeal cases showed evidence of two or more pathogens, suggesting that multiple infections are at play, while even among the apparently healthy children, many were found to have low levels of infection.
**Includes 14 women with single HR-HPV infection and 4 women with multiple infections and at least one HR-HPV type.
***Includes 11 women with single LR-HPV infection and 3 women with multiple infections and at least one LR-HPV type.
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