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These simulations indicate that multiple infection waves could occur due to limited resources for treatment/isolation of infected cases, the ways that such resources are deployed during the outbreak, the evolutionary responses of the pathogen to control measures (e.g., emergence of drug resistance), or a combination thereof.
Epidemics with multiple infection waves have been documented for some human diseases, most notably during past influenza pandemics.
The mean-field model was simulated for a number of scenarios to show the occurrence of multiple infection waves during an epidemic episode.
Our study highlights these considerations for further investigation, while demonstrating possible mechanisms for the occurrence of multiple infection waves in a single epidemic.
Given the historical evidence for the occurrence of multiple infection waves [ 2, 3, 7], several modelling studies have attempted to provide explanatory theories for these events in a single epidemic course [ 2, 5, 6, 8- 10].
In this study, we consider the occurrence of multiple infection waves of a pathogen from a public health perspective, and develop mathematical models to investigate how intervention measures may affect the transmission dynamics in a population.
Similar(52)
Phylogenetic analysis of attachment protein gene sequences showed multiple introductions of genotype ON1; variants distinct from the original Canadian viruses predominated in both infection waves.
TB is unusual in having multiple infection sites.
Among the 3% of cases with multiple infection, HPV16 was the most commonly occurring type, and all cases with multiple infections had at least one HR HPV type.
These numbers include multiple infection.
The multiplicity of infection (MOI) was adjusted to 0.2 0.3 to avoid multiple infections of a single cell.
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