Sentence examples for multiple infection studies from inspiring English sources

PBMCs were obtained from UPENN immunology core from de-identified different donors for multiple infection studies.

Although simulations have shown that the capacity to maintain MHC polymorphism by heterozygote advantage is lower than for negative frequency-dependent selection [ 8, 10], heterozygote advantage has received convincing empirical support from controlled multiple infection studies [ 11, 12].

This is very useful mainly in cases of multiple infections, when studies involve more than one pathogen per patient and all relevant information (clinical, epidemiological and molecular) should be available.

The coexistence of 2 or more HPV types was defined as multiple infection in this study.

These results are in line with earlier studies of multiple infection, showing that multiple infection is an important determinant of infection dynamics within a single host and that under conditions of multiple infection, the success of a strain cannot be predicted from its performance when alone (Nakamura et al. 1992; Thomas et al. 2003; Hodgson et al. 2004; de Roode et al. 2005).

Studies on multiple infection and within-host competition of parasites have tended to focus on how they shape the evolution of parasite virulence in relation to disease intervention strategies such as vaccination and the avoidance of drug resistance (e.g. De Roode et al. 2004).

*HPV prevalence among cases, with no distinction between simple and multiple infections, across the studies that reported counts of the HPV genotypes under consideration.

In the present study, we observed multiple infection of HPV with different genotypes in 16% of the genotyped samples, using INNO-LiPA genotyping assay.

This association could be explained by the elevated prevalence of HR-HPV types detected in samples with multiple infections in this study.

So far, no study has investigated whether multiple infection can lead the establishment of infection depending on initial virus load.

The SCC : HSIL ratios for the eight most common HPV types were additionally calculated within more homogeneous study subgroups: (i) studies that did not report any multiple infections (6558 SCC, 2182 HSIL), (ii) studies testing for HPV from biopsies (7128 SCC, 1483 HSIL) and (iii) studies using 'broad'-spectrum PCR primers (5318 SCC, 3502 HSIL).