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Due to difficulty in performing PCD assays (the presence of leukocytes, gametocytes, asynchronous infection, multiple infection and infected reticulocytes having organelles), the viability of CQ-treated schizonts to infect naive mice were assayed instead.
There was no statistically significant association between multiple infection and sex and age.
These studies should report age-specific prevalence, overlap between single and multiple infection, and HPV type-specific infection.
This disease therefore provides an opportunity to study the dynamics of multiple infection and inter-specific competition without a confounding effect of the pathogens being specialized to different host species.
Horizontal transmission is likely to increase in unsanitary, highly crowded environments, making multiple infection and recombination among strains more common in dense populations (Jones et al. 2012; Kodaman et al. 2014).
HPV typing assays with high analytical sensitivity and specificity are the key in virological surveillance, including the evaluation of vaccination impact on the prevalence of vaccine-covered types, identification of new types, discrimination of types in multiple infection, and monitoring of potential type replacement in the post-vaccine era.
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By incorporating the key features of DNA microarray with those of multiplex PCR, the microarray provides a fast high throughput platform for multiple infections and multiple samples to be detected and identified simultaneously for STD clinics.
Our simulations indicate that inclusion of multiple infections and recombination in the model of Rouzine and Coffin lowers Ne.
iTRAQ, a liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry approach, was used to simultaneously identify and quantify peptides from multiple infections and contemporaneous uninfected control groups.
We were unable to determine sequences of 19 individuals that showed multiple infections and of some additional samples with degraded DNA.
Multiple infections and highly mutated Pf-dhfr parasites were associated with severe malaria, but parasite isolates collected from severe malaria patients were clearly identified as a separate pool of parasites from those detected in MM.
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