Sentence examples for multiple immune genes from inspiring English sources

The technique is highly sensitive [19], [20], and in theory could simultaneously assay the induction of multiple immune genes in response to antigenic stimulation despite low sample cellular input.

In order to test the generality of these hypotheses, the analyses of multiple immune genes need to be extended to additional species.

There are multiple immune genes up-regulated in the tissue (Table 4), including the gene encoding the chemokine CXCL4 or platelet factor 4 (1.6-fold up-regulated), a gene expressed by platelets [ 21], which suggests that there is platelet infiltration in the tissue.

These data imply that GCase deficiency and resultant substrate accumulation stimulated multiple immune response genes.

Although the M1 and M2 phenotypes are poorly understood, monocyte proinflammatory activation clearly is linked to NF-κB mediated traNF-κB mediatedmultranscriptionimmune genes.

Indeed, Vetreno and Crews (2012) found that intermittent binge-ethanol treatment in adolescent rats increased expression of multiple innate immune genes in the frontal cortex during adulthood.

Finally, specific variants of multiple innate immune genes are associated with the genetic risk for alcoholism in humans, further strengthening the connection between increased brain innate immune gene expression and alcohol addiction.

Genetic comparisons among different strains of rats and mice found that addiction-like drinking behavior was associated with increased levels or activity of NF-κB, its regulatory proteins, and multiple innate immune genes (Mulligan et al. 2006).

Thus, multiple innate immune gene polymorphisms are associated with genetic risk for alcoholism in humans, consistent with the assumption that increased brain innate immune gene expression contributes to the neurobiology of alcohol addiction.

Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of multiple immune and inflammatory genes [ 6].

These observations indicate that multiple neuro-immune genes are increased in alcoholic brain and likely contribute to neurodegeneration and the neurobiology of alcoholism in humans.