Our approach may have the potential to reverse multiple tumor immune evasion mechanisms, avoid CAR immunogenicity, and overcome problems in cancer gene therapy with engineered nanoconstructs.
The observation that down-regulation of MHC class I surface expression renders hMSCs vulnerable to NK cell recognition and cytolysis implies that multiple viral immune evasion proteins are likely required to make hMSCs non-immunogenic and thereby universally transplantable.
Although RSV is susceptible to neutralizing antibody, it has evolved multiple mechanisms of immune evasion allowing it to repeatedly infect people despite relatively little genetic diversity.
COX-2 is a rate-limiting enzyme in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and has multiple functions in immune evasion, angiogenesis and proliferation.
DEHP (472) is also an endocrine disruptor (466, 467) that can impact multiple hallmarks such as immune evasion, resistance to cell death, evasion of antiproliferative signaling, sustained proliferative signaling and tumor-promoting inflammation (36, 288, 468, 469).
Although it was shown that HNSCCs are infiltrated by a high number of various species of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (Uppaluri et al, 2008), these are not capable to eradicate the tumour as a result of evolving multiple mechanisms for tumour immune evasion by HNSCC tumours and deranging of the functions of TILs in HNSCC patients.
Tumors develop multiple potent and overlapping mechanisms to mediate immune evasion.
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays important roles in multiple aspects of cancer aggressiveness including migration, invasion, survival, self-renewal, angiogenesis, and tumor cell immune evasion by regulating the expression of multiple downstream target genes.
Immune evasion employed by tumors involves multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms.
